Tag Archives: bodybuilder

PART I: Tips for Endurance Athletes

Hi beautiful beings! ❤ It’s so wonderful writing to you again 🙂 Eeep. I love you!

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Okay, So! I am so flipping excited about this blog series because it is near and dear to my heart! If you haven’t figured it out already, I LOVE CARDIO!!!!!! I’m not kidding, “the runners high” is a real thing. It’s the closest thing I get to meditation 🙂 If you are wanting to get into cardiovascular exercise, this extended blog post is going to be your best friend! I have twenty-two total tips for ways to enhance cardiovascular endurance, so…without further adieu, here are the first eleven 🙂

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1. No stretching before working out: Contrary to popular belief, I recommend that you do not stretch before you embark on your endurance endeavor. Eee! You see what I did there? I used lots of words that started with an “e.” Yay for alliteration. Okay. So little things amuse me. Prior studies have shown that acute static stretching impairs muscle force and torque. In simpler terms, this means that that muscle strength is decreased when it is lengthened. Notice how they said static stretching.

  • Dynamic stretching- means movement stretching (like taking a walk before you’re going on a run) or warming up slowly on a bike before you’re about to go finish a spin class.
  • Static: the traditional type of stretching “ex: sit and reach”

Thank God for such a thing as muscle memory! The term refers to a common phenomenon in which various muscle-related tasks seem to become easier to perform after previous practice. When you train in a specific way for elongated periods of time, your body will adapt to the stress so that the task is easier to perform next time. There is some consensus among the runners I’ve spoken to in that some amount of “tightness” in muscles is actually beneficial. Retained tightness is necessary for proper alignment. With that being said, trust your body. If you want to reduce the risk of injury, I do highly recommend dynamic stretching.

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2. Cross-training! I cannot emphasize this enough especially for beginners! When we, as impatient human beings, want to do something, we want to go all into it. But that’s a sure way to disaster. Seriously, I’ve experienced this myself so many times. I call myself an “endurance athlete” and not exclusively a “runner” because I train in several different ways to enhance my cardiovascular strength. I swim; I do elliptical training; I take spin classes; I do plyometric movements and I also run. Cross-training not only reduces the risk of injury and over-training but it also allows us to diversify training. Through cross-training, we are able to work out different various muscle groups so that we remain beautifully symmetrical and proportionate.

I think both bodies, and all bodies are beautiful. It really is up to personal preference.
I think both bodies, and all bodies are beautiful. It really is up to personal preference.

3. So this one is going to be a little controversial: I would advise NOT to “bodybuild” or strength-train areas you don’t need excess mass on. The reason for this is that when you’re running longer periods of time, you don’t need excess mass to slow you down. The lesser the mass, the lesser the impact of the surface on your joints, J as an endurance athlete, I find that the only muscle groups I really NEED strength in are my legs and abdominal/back muscles. I don’t like strength training my legs because I find that my cardiovascular exercise already provides them with adequate tone. I do strength train my abdominals/back muscles to help with balance and alignment throughout the exercise.

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4. Shorten your stride! Research From Dr. Bryan Heiderscheit of the University of Wisconsin (and others) demonstrates that a shorter, quicker stride reduces impact on knees and hips. This is greatly beneficial especially if you’re wanting to do long-duration endurance work. There is a tip I’d like to share with you: when you’re landing, try to put your foot down BEHIND you. Of course, this is not actually what’s going to happen, but it will help make you conscious of shortening your stride as much as possible.

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5. STAY AS ERECT AS POSSIBLE. Do you think you’re standing AS tall as possible? Good. Now, stand even taller! Seriously. This is one tip that I think can apply to EVERYONE. It is so important!!!! Probably the most important one that I have to offer. If you are on the elliptical, or if you are running, STAND as TALL as possible. You should be able to draw a straight line throughout your body. Here’s my tips for ensuring that your posture is correct:

Your shoulders should be relaxed, slightly pushing down away from your head. Chest should be expanded and raised (think proud Tarzan!) Your abs should be contracted and almost pushing your ribcage UP so that the weight of your upper body is being supported by the back/abdominal muscles instead of the legs, which are already doing their share of work!

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6. Arms and legs should be loose and as relaxed as possible! “So my abs are supposed to be completely tight, but my legs are supposed to be loose?” Yes. I won’t lie. This is going to feel super awkward at first. But, I promise with time, you will get better at “isolating” certain muscle groups. This will help you contract/relax different parts of your muscle groups more easily.

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7. Run on an even surface. There is a reason that treadmills and running track were created the way they are! They provide an extra “bounciness” so that the overall surface impact on the knees and joints decreases. This is exactly what we need if we want to run longer periods of time!

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8. Do have a speed day! This is commonly known as HIIT training. HIIT training will help strengthen the major muscle groups in the lower body. It also burns a ton of calories and adds variety to the fitness regimen

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9. Do have ONE day of full rest (not active rest). Please take a day off from endurance training altogether. I promise; it helps out so much!!!! When you’re doing endurance work, rest is essential to recovery and prevention of burnout.

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10. Have yourself a cool-down. No! Cool-down does not equal stretching. I take at least 5-10 minutes to cool down. When you are working out and have your heartrate elevated, your blood vessels are dilated, and your heart is pumping blood rapidly. Having an adequate cool down allows your body to return to a state of homeostasis or balance. This will ensure that you don’t get that weird jittery/ “I’m going to pass out” feeling after working out. 🙂

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11. Avoid (or USE caution with) hip openers and pigeon poses in yoga: Like I mentioned before, there is an element of tightness that is necessary for hip/body alignment when it comes to endurance work (especially running/and elliptical training). Be very careful in hip opening poses because we don’t want to get “too open” or “too loose” to wear we will be at a greater risk for injury the next time we run!

I hope these were somewhat helpful to you! And, I hope that you know how loved and cared for you are 🙂

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And don’t forget, tips 12-22 will be coming soon in Part II: Tips for Endurance Athletes ❤

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Why am I not getting results?

Are you frustrated because you’re still not seeing results?

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Well, take a read of my 20 top reasons you may not be seeing results.

1. Unclear goals. I believe that this is the number one reason people fail to see “results.” The way the human body works is quite simple–it adapts. It will make necessary changes and adjustments in its own physiology to better adapt to whatever stresses are being placed on it. In our case, the added stress is related to how/when/how often we are training. Often times, we do a bunch of different things, in no particular order or time and expect the body to respond in a specific way. Randomness is never going to lead to a specific outcome. So my #1 tip is to figure things outWhat do you want? What type of body type do you desire? Are your goals to gain strength, gain muscle, lose muscle, loss fat, etc? Once you’ve established clear cut goals, do some research on it. What types of exercises do you need to do? How often? At what rate do you add a greater load your workouts?

Now, I want to tell you guys something really exciting. Eeep are you ready?

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This blog post is only the first one in a SERIES of blog posts to come. So what are my next blog posts going to be about? In light of the fact that I think most people do not get the results they desire DUE to unclear goals, my next THREE blog posts are going to be a series of tips pertaining to three distinct fitness goals 

  1. Tips for increased muscle tone (bulking)
  2. Tips for simultaneous fat loss and muscle tone gain 
  3. Tips to lose weight and excess bulk 

ARE YOU AS EXCITED AS THE CAT?!?! Me too!!! ❤ giggles.

2.  Misinformed post workout nutrition: you may not be eating at the proper time or the proper foods for your goals. For example, if your goal is to increase muscle tone and definition, it is a good idea for you to fuel up on an isolate protein snack within 30 minutes of a weight lifting session. On the contrary, if your goal is to lose excess bulk or muscle (ie; bulky quads), you should be avoiding ALL food at least forty five minutes after a moderate intensity cardio workout. This way the body is able to utilize the glycogen stores and then, and only THEN begin to burn through some of the excess muscle storage. More information about appropriate post workout nutrition in relation to your fitness goals will be posted in proceeding blogs.

3. You are overtraining the muscle you want to see shrink. This is a close #2 mistake I see women making. Numerous research has shown that even though women do not get as “bulky” as men, their lower body is more responsive to hypertrophy than any other part. This means that some of us may end up with bulkier legs than we prefer. When this happens, so many of us run to the cardio machines (stair master, elliptical, treadmill, stationary bike etc) in an attempt to burn more calories so we can lose muscle. In theory, this may work. However, what most girls forget is the “use it or lose it rule.” Intense forms of cardio are STILL working your leg muscles. If you are doing cardio everyday, you run the risk of overtraining the very muscle you want to see shrink. “Use it or lose it” applies everywhere. Train the muscles you want to see definition in to fatigue (for me this is arms, and abs). I steer away from training my legs to fatigue as I do not want the bulkier aesthetic for myself.

4. Not drinking enough water! This may be causing you to eat more, and retain more water.quite1

5. Doing too much of the same thing: If you do what you have always done, you’re going to get what you’ve always gotten. That Robbins was a smart cookie, eh? A lot of issues can come up in your training if you continue to do the same sort of excercise day in and day out. First, your muscles will adapt to the load and therefore, it will be much harder for you to attain a “good workout” (I mean “good” in terms of effectiveness). Lessened variety of excercises within your regimen will force hypertrophy (growth) of certain muscles and ignore other muscle groups. This means that you may have more definition in one area (the area you are training), while completely lacking definition in other areas (the areas you are ignoring). Please include cross-training in your regimen. It has saved my world. Seriously. Please. Do it!

6. Nor resting enough: the next few reasons are going to come from the same basic background: that you are putting your body under a ton of stress. When your body feels excessive physiological stress, it begins to produce higher levels of cortisol to allow conservatory metabolic changes to occur. When there is a sustained increase in cortisol levels, your body may start to hold onto food as fat stores. So where does rest come into play? Lack of adequate rest can elicit your body to begin elevating its levels of cortisol! So be careful and take a rest day. 🙂

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7. Creating too large of a caloric deficit:  you may be working out like crazy and may have simultaneously cut your calories a little too much. Though this will eventually lead to weight loss (I’m talking months, people), the primary reaction is going to be one of stress. In fact, you are probably going to see the opposite results of what you want, initially. Your body will start retaining water like no other, which will lead to an overall “bigger” appearance as you will display signs of puffiness, inflammation and bloating. Furthermore, your body may decide to shift to survival mode and start storing everything you put in it into adipose tissue (or fat). My tip to avoid this from happening is: do as a turtle would do. Slow and steady wins the race. Also, creating too large of a caloric deficit and continuing to work out is a sure way to get injured.

8. Not getting enough zZzZzZz: Let’s talk sleep.  If you are not getting enough sleep, you are putting your body in the “elevated cortisol” phase once more. It is under stress, and consequently, it’s going to start retaining water, become inflamed and react as if it is under attack. Also, as you all know, staying up at night can lead to binging on extra snacks, which may not be the best, depending on your fitness goals. So please don’t trade sleep for working out. It may be counteractive.

9. Getting too much sleep: Ah. Here’s that “moderation is key” mantra again. Too much sleep can affect your results too. 6-8 hours per night is optimal. Any more than that and you risk entering a robotic phase of what I like to call  “sleep coma.” You know what I’m talking about. Those days where you feel entirely lethargic and tired throughout the day even though you slept a million hours. Getting too much sleep throws off your body’s natural circadian rhythm, pushing it off balance. We don’t want this.

10. Not instilling a proper warm up or cool down: When you are getting into the gym, chances are you haven’t been training for a marathon the whole day. This means that your muscles have been in a static phase. They need time to become “warm” and ready to go. So please take AT LEAST (and I mean, at the very least) 5 minutes to warm up the muscle group you are planning to work out. I, personally, take about 10-15 minutes to conduct a full body warm up. Numerous studies have shown that a proper warm up can also aid in injury prevention. AFTER you are done with your workout, a cool-down needs to take place. Your heart will be pumping blood like crazy; everything is rapid, and your blood vessels are dilated keeping your body at a hyper-alert stage. It is important to take time to cool down, and allow your body to return to homeostasis. A proper cool down can ensure that you don’t faint or begin to feel sick after your workout. Personally, I like to cool down for about 10-15 minutes– until my heart rate gets down to 100 level.

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11. Overestimating expenditure: You’ve probably heard the saying– “a one hour workout is just 4% of your day.” Though this statement is meant to motivate, it does hold subtly important information. A one hour workout, regardless of the intensity, is just 4% of your day. A lot of us are guilty of going to the gym, giving it a 110%, and then remaining completely stationary for the next 23 hours. This can lead to an overestimation of expenditure, or how much we think we are burning.  The more you move, the more you burn. For an average-sized woman, a one hour shopping spree (walk at the mall) can result in an additional caloric loss of 300-400 cal. My advice to you is: try not to remain stationary the entire day. I know that workouts are tough. Sometimes, you just don’t want to move after them. It is okay to sit/lay for a little bit to recover. However, try to stay on your feet most of the day and move around 🙂

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 12. Not tracking your food intake. This can lead to an underestimation of how much we are truly eating. Truth be told, calories are hard to burn. They really are. But they are so EASY (and yummy) to ingest. Regardless of your goal, I think it may be a good idea to track your food intake for a few days to see how much you are really eating. This way, you can tweak your workout program and nutrition regimen to optimize results. On a side note, PEOPLE! DRINKS COUNT AS CALORIES TOO. A few lattes from starbucks per day can result in anywhere from a 600 to 900 calorie gain.

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13. Not having proper meals. Are you snacking all day? Every few hours? Yes, there has been research done that demonstrates that snacking frequently can rev up your metabolism, allowing you to burn more throughout the day. Though that is true, most people forget to mention the flip side of this phenomenon! When you “rev” up your metabolism with a snack, it means that your body is probably going to feel hungrier and want MORE food. So unless you have the discipline and self-control of a superhero, I recommend that you stick to 3 proper meals, and snack 2-3 times a day.

14. Yo-yo dieting and random working out: Like I said before, randomness will never lead to specificity. If you are not consistent in your method, you are not going to see consistent results. Doing too much, too often throws your body into confusion. So though, some variety is good, too much variety is chaotic. It will take a little bit of time for you to find that balance for you, but I promise, through practicing gentle curiosity and patience, you will discover it.

15. Rewarding yourself with food: There are so many things wrong with that statement. I literally cringed as I typed it up. First of all, food is not a reward. The mentality of using it in a punishment/reward system is very risky. This type of thinking is the root backbone of eating disorders, and compulsive eating behaviors. So, no, food is not a reward. You are not a pet who needs to be bribed with a “treat” to conduct a certain task. Food is fuel. It is a necessity that you need to sustain yourself and all the wonderful things that you accomplish. Please don’t use working out as a means to allow yourself certain foods. Coming from that place of motivation is highly stressful and distorted. (alright, alright, I am getting off my soap box now).

16. Sipping on popular sports drinks during workout: The popular marketed sports drinks are high in calories and sugar. Depending on the drink, you may, literally, be drinking all the calories you are burning. So take notice of what you put in your body. If you tend to get dizzy and want to make sure that you are replenishing your electrolytes, I would stick to plain water, and just mix in a packet of Emergen-C powder!

17. Taking too many breaks during your workout: Sometimes, we work out really hard for 5 minutes, and then start to look at our phone–“oh look, our best friend texted us with a funny picture of a cat eating noodles. Haha, how cute! We need to reply to this. Wait, why just reply in a text message? Let’s one up her! Let’s google funny pictures of cats and find an ubber hilarious picture and send it to her!15 minutes later…you’re still on that phone. Sound familiar? Put that phone down!!! Heart rate is changing number ya’ll. In order for it remain elevated, it needs to be maintained with consistent activity. Let’s make the most out of the 30 minutes-1 hour we are dedicating to ourselves and our bodies at the gym.

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18. Got (no) patience? : So many of us need immediate gratification. We need to see those changes! And when we don’t, we are quick to walk out on the process. This is one of the simplest reasons we may not see results. If we’re not sticking to working out and seeing the process through, we’re not going to get the results. Sucks how that works, right?

19. Not listening to your body: On the contrary, you may not be listening to your own body . Are you trying really hard to make yourself into another transformation? In that process, you may be neglecting what your body is telling you. The truth is that you are not the same person as any of the other girls in the “transformation pictures.” No, I don’t care if your body may resemble hers. You are NOT her. This means that no work out program is going to be smarter than your own body. If a regimen that’s supposed to make you lose weight is actually making you gain weight, then you may want to change it up. But so often, we just keep going— hoping that with enough time, it will magically make us lose weight. The entire time, we  ignore the signs that our body gives us. So, let your body be the primary judge–your primary guide. If you are hyper-vigilant and super aware of your body, you should see SOME change in 4 weeks. If it takes you a little bit longer to notice changes, you should see some by 6 weeks for sure. Again, notice that I said some results. They are probably not going to major life changing ones, but they should be enough to give you insight on how your body is responding to a certain regimen.

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20. Don’t forget to love yourself: Alright, so this tip may not be the most “scientifically” correlated with seeing results, but I had to put it in here! It would feel inauthentic if I didn’t! 🙂 Take time to love yourself throughout the entire process–through the injuries, the messups, the falls, the small victories, the big wins, and all the rest. You are trying and you are human. This means that you are going to get there a little bit a time, not all at once. Take time to honor your body and what it can do for you, and most of all, trust it 🙂 It does so much to support you!

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I love you all so much! I hope this was helpful ❤

And don’t forget, this was just the first post in a series of posts to come. Watch out for these next three blogs ❤

  1. Tips for increased muscle tone (bulking)
  2. Tips for simultaneous fat loss and muscle tone gain
  3. Tips to lose weight and excess bulk

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CARDIO: all you need to know!

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I have had numerous questions regarding which types of cardio to do, when to do it, how to do it, etc. But, the most FREQUENTLY ASKED question I have been asked is some form of the following:

Will cardio bulk me up/pack on excessive muscle in the legs/help me lose muscle/help me lose fat/help me lose weight?

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The answer is: yes and no. It depends.

Before getting into further discussion, please note that I am not a nutritionist or physical trainer. I do have a degree in biological sciences (pre-med track), so I can pull on from things I’ve learned regarding human muscular anatomy and physiology. 

Alright, let’s first talk about what “bulk” is. When we talk about “bulking up”, we’re talking about gaining muscle. In human anatomy and physiology, we had several opportunities to observe cross-sections of muscles. What we found, in simple terms, is that there is far more to muscle than just protein. There is also water stored in muscles, as well as some carbohydrate (preserved in the form of glycogen).

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So, simply put:

 MUSCLE = protein + glycogen + water + other stuff.  

What does this mean in terms of muscle loss/muscle gain?

If you have just started doing low-moderate intensity cardio, and simultaneously reduced your caloric intake, you may notice changes in just a few weeks. HOWEVER, you are probably not losing true muscle, or the protein part of the muscle. You are losing the other stuff by depleting glycogen stores, and water. These can be easily restored once refeeding begins. Consequently, this weight loss is not permanent.

If you have been doing HIIT, sprints, and/or participating in a strength training regimen, and you find that you are rapidly “gaining” muscle, you are most likely not gaining true muscle. It is probably due to these two things:  1) water retention, as water can leak through microtears within the muscle fibers or 2) Inflammation.

In summary, true muscle (protein) loss/ gain takes closer to a month to few months 😉 

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Alright, alright! So now onto some of the most common questions asked:

  1. What type of cardio do I do to lose muscle?
  2. What type of cardio do I do to keep my lean muscle but lose fat?
  3. What type of cardio do I do to lose errything?

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Alright, FIRST, lets start by answering the last question. In order to LOSE anything, you need to have a caloric deficit. This means, that you should be consuming less than you are burning. The caloric deficit can be small-large. It can also be created via exercise alone, and diet alone, however, the largest deficits are created through a combination of exercise and watchfulness in diet. That is why they say that weight loss is most effective when you eat less, and exercise more.

Calories In – Calories Out = -(number) for weight loss.

In terms of losing “things”, our body loses both fat and muscle when we are on a caloric deficit. We cannot exclusively choose losses from one or the other; I’m sorry but anyone that tells you otherwise needs to take a basic physiology/anatomy course. Combined with a deficit, there ARE, however, certain forms of exercises that promote fat loss while maintaining muscle mass. There are also certain forms of exercise that promote an overall weight loss (both fat and muscle).

the only type of "spot training" that exists is on dalmations ;)
the only type of “spot training” that exists is on dalmations 😉

Question #2 

The answer to this question is going to be the most confusing, so please read closely! You want to keep your lean muscle mass, but you want to lose fat?

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If you read the answer to the question before, you will know that it is not possible to lose ONLY fat. There will be muscle loss, but there are ways to minimize it. In another words, there are certain exercises that help preserve muscle mass, while allowing for fat loss.

Let’s begin by talking about the makeup of the muscle. I’m sure that most of you have probably heard the terms Type I and Type II fibers. Our muscles are made up of certain ratios of both types of fibers. 

I think both bodies, and all bodies are beautiful. It really is up to personal preference.
I think both bodies, and all bodies are beautiful. It really is up to personal preference.

Type 1 Fibers (Left)

Type 1 fibers are called “slow-twitch” fibers. These fibers contain more mitochondria than the Type II ones. They produce energy for us to do our workouts by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. What does this mean? Basically, it means that these types of fibers NEED a consistent stream of OXYGEN in order to efficiently provide energy for movement.

Aerobic = presence of oxygen

These are the types of fibers we use when we are, let’s say, standing up for long periods of time, when we are walking in a park for an hour, when we are moving around the house etc. These fibers are fatigue resistant because there is tons of oxygen present for them to utilize. When we train these types of fibers, we gain stamina and endurance WITHOUT necessarily gaining the size. (esthetically petite look, the picture on the left)  

So what does this mean in terms of exercises? Low-moderate intensity cardio such as walking, jogging, and doing the elliptical trainer promotes the growth of these types of slow-twitch fibers. Because doing these types of exercises is not as strenuous on the body, you are not huffing and puffing for air, and you are not out of breath. If you are not out of breath, there should be more or less, a steady stream of oxygen going in through your nose, and eventually through your blood stream allowing the oxygen to be utilized in producing energy for movement.

Type II fibers (right)

Type II fibers are called fast twitch fibers. These are the ones that do not contain nearly as many mitochondria as the Type I’s. Because they don’t possess as many mitochondria, they do not utilize as much oxygen for producing movement. These types of fibers are able to produce energy WITHOUT using oxygen.

Anaerobic = without oxygen 

But don’t we need oxygen to live? Um yes. So how long do you think you can train these muscles without oxygen? NOT LONG. They produce short-duration contractions because they cannot sustain activity without oxygen forever. They also fatigue easily because they are being forced to contract in the presence of LITTLE oxygen. Think rapid JUMPING movements and body-builder strength training. These get you out of breath really fast, and you are dead tired after a few reps.  When we train these types of fibers, while

  • eating at maintenance (calories in = calories out): we are more likely to preserve lean mass and have some fat loss.
  • eating at a surplus (calories in > calories out): we are likely to gain strength and size in mass.
  • eating at a deficit (calories in < calories out) : we are likely to get injured!   

So, in short, if you are WANTING to preserve or gain lean muscle mass, and enhance fat loss, you should try HIIT. 

High intensity interval training or HIIT for short, is a great way to add cardio into your routine and not spend 30 minutes-hours at the gym. The main goal of HIIT is to give you the benefits of traditional cardio without sacrificing muscle mass. Studies have shown an increase in anaerobic activity using HIIT when compared to traditional steady state cardio.

Remember anaerobic = without oxygen = activate Type II fibers = are responsible for gains in muscle mass, in the presence of a caloric surplus, and are responsible for muscle MAINTENANCE, in the presence of caloric maintenance.

Link to the study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16541371

To maximize muscle growth, exercise must stimulate fast-twitch fibers (picture on the right). 

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Question #1

What about if you have put on more muscle than you like, and  would like to reduce muscle size? I’m going to really emphasize this point again. We cannot “lose muscle” only. We lose weight.

Weight = water + organs + muscle + bones + fat + blood + inflammation + wastes

So, the better question is “How can we MAXIMIZE muscle loss?”

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Well, lets go back to what we were talking about at the beginning of this blog post.

 MUSCLE = protein + glycogen + water + other stuff.  

So, it takes TIME (months) to lose TRUE MUSCLE (ie; the protein part). The first few drops on the scale are flukes because they are losses in glycogen/water/other stuff. These can easily be restored. Now, in order to lose muscle, we need to reduce strength training, and INCREASE long duration low-moderate intensity cardio!

It is VERY very VERY hard for our bodies to lose muscle. They do not want to do this naturally, and that is why it is so essential that we do LONG DURATION cardio (30-45 minutes, 4-5x a week).

When we aredoing aerobic cardio (in the presence of oxygen), we first burn through the local carbohydrate stores (the glycogen part of the muscle). Only AFTER these stores are depleted, do we start to burn some of the true muscle, or protein. The liver begins to release glucose into the blood stream for the muscles to burn through. It takes the average person about 2 HOURS OF exercise to reach a state of total glycogen depletion.

Yeah. That’s a long time. Do you have time to spend two hours at the gym a day? Yeah. Me neither. That is why having a caloric deficit is SO important! it is very tough to lose muscle through changes in excercise alone.

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If you are trying to lose muscle, I recommend doing moderate intensity excercise instead of low intensity, because it burns more calories (ie; uses MORE of the energy that the body would use to build muscle, in the first place). This could include jogging elliptical trainer and a cycle (without incline or resistance). Jump roping is good, however, it has to be done for greater than 20 minutes. I personally recommend  a combo of these excercises. 

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I want to end this blog post with something that I found helpful. A study found that if we took two people, one with high levels of body fat, and one with low levels of body fat, and fed them the same low-calorie diet, a greater proportion of the total weight lost in the leaner individual would come from muscle!! So the leaner you are, the more muscle you will lose as weight.

Citation: Hall KD. (2008). What is the required energy deficit per unit weight loss? International Journal of Obesity, 32, 573-576

I hope that this clarifies some of your confusion regarding the relationship between cardio and muscle gain/loss. ❤ Overall, I recommend that everyone performs some sort of cardio most days of the week, because it has great health benefits ❤

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